DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE

LITERATURE REVIEW:

1.stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by René Laennec at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. Consisted of a wooden tube and was monaural like ear trumpet .
2.In 1851, Arthur Leared invented a binaural stethoscope
3.In 1852 George Cammann design to commercial this product.
4.Rappaport and Sprague designed a new stethoscope in the 1940s consisting of two sides, that is respiratory system and cardiovascular system
5.In 1999, Richard Deslauriers patented the first external noise reducing stethoscope, the DRG Puretone
6.Between 1998-2007 Marc Werblud, a disabled paramedic/medical student created a lightweight 32" long acoustic noise cancelling stethoscope which improved sound quality, and reduced neck strain.
7.Team of electrical and computer engineering students at Calvin College is designing a digital electronic stethoscope running uClinux (pronounced "you-see-linux") as its operating system.
8.CardioTech Electronic Stethoscope for iPhone, iPod, iPad, Zetris Digital Technology

Show critical analysis of the review

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time - typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm) - which can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep. The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions. It is also used by individuals, such as athletes, who are interested in monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from their training. The R wave to R wave interval (RR interval) is the inverse of the heart rate.
Resting heart rate (HRrest) is a person's heart rate when they are at rest: awake but lying down, and not having immediately exerted themselves. Typical healthy resting heart rate in adults is 60–80 bpm [2], with rates below 60 bpm referred to as bradycardia and rates above 110 bpm referred to as tachycardia. Note however that conditioned athletes often have resting heart rates below 60 bpm. Cyclist Lance Armstrong had a resting HR around 32 bpm, and it is not unusual for people doing regular exercise to get below 50 bpm. Other cyclists like Miguel Indurain and Alberto Contador have reported resting heart rates in the mid-20s.[citation needed]
Musical tempo terms reflect levels relative to resting heart rate; Adagio (at ease, at rest) is typically 66–76 bpm, similar to human resting heart rate, while Lento and Largo ("Slow") are 40–60 bpm, which reflects that these tempi are slow relative to normal human heart rate. Similarly, faster tempi correspond to heart rates at higher levels of exertion, such as Andante (walking: 76–108 bpm) and the like.