Monday, April 18, 2011
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
THIS IS MY HARDWARE PROJECT AND THE SOFTWARE DEVICE FOR ATMEGA 328P ARDUINO PROGRAM.... WHAT A NICE PROJECT FOR ME.. BUT STILL CAN UPGRADING IF I GET A LOT OF TIME AND DO MORE RESEARCH... THIS IS THE BEST THING I'VE DONE, ESPECIALLY FOR MYSELF BECAUSE I CAN CREATE THE NEW DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE THAT IS CONTROLLING BY ARDUINO SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING.... I REALLY LIKE ARDUINO AND IT EASY TO LEARN AND TO EDIT THE DESIGN WITH ANY SITUATION FOR MY PROJECT... THANKS A LOT ALSO TO MR. ZULKIFLI MAHMOODIN THAT INTRODUCED ME TO THIS AMAZING SOFTWARE PROGRAM... I REALLY APPRECIATE IT... THIS 2 PERSON IS MY GUIDANCE ALONG 2 SEMESTER OF MY PROJECT....
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
THIS IS ALL MY OVERALL PROJECT VIEW, IF U'LL CAN SEE. BASICALLY, I'VE DOING ALL THOSE THING WITH MY LOVELY GUIDE PERSON @ ALSO KNOWN AS MY SUPERVISOR THAT IS MR. HISHAM BIN MOHAMMAD DESA FROM MEDICAL DEPARTMENT LECTURER. HE TOTALLY HELPING ME AND TEACHING ME TO MAKE SURE THIS PROJECT IS RUN AS A PLAN...THANKS A LOT SIR, U R A KIND PERSON TO ME.... NEXT WE WILL CONTINUE TO THE OTHERS STAGE THAT IS THE TOTAL OVERVIEW FOR MY HARDWARE AND ALSO THE CHART@DIAGRAM THAT IS NEEDED FOR MY PROJECT.....
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
LITERATURE REVIEW:
1.stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by René Laennec at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. Consisted of a wooden tube and was monaural like ear trumpet .
2.In 1851, Arthur Leared invented a binaural stethoscope
3.In 1852 George Cammann design to commercial this product.
4.Rappaport and Sprague designed a new stethoscope in the 1940s consisting of two sides, that is respiratory system and cardiovascular system
5.In 1999, Richard Deslauriers patented the first external noise reducing stethoscope, the DRG Puretone
6.Between 1998-2007 Marc Werblud, a disabled paramedic/medical student created a lightweight 32" long acoustic noise cancelling stethoscope which improved sound quality, and reduced neck strain.
7.Team of electrical and computer engineering students at Calvin College is designing a digital electronic stethoscope running uClinux (pronounced "you-see-linux") as its operating system.
8.CardioTech Electronic Stethoscope for iPhone, iPod, iPad, Zetris Digital Technology
Show critical analysis of the review
Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time - typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm) - which can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep. The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions. It is also used by individuals, such as athletes, who are interested in monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from their training. The R wave to R wave interval (RR interval) is the inverse of the heart rate.
Resting heart rate (HRrest) is a person's heart rate when they are at rest: awake but lying down, and not having immediately exerted themselves. Typical healthy resting heart rate in adults is 60–80 bpm [2], with rates below 60 bpm referred to as bradycardia and rates above 110 bpm referred to as tachycardia. Note however that conditioned athletes often have resting heart rates below 60 bpm. Cyclist Lance Armstrong had a resting HR around 32 bpm, and it is not unusual for people doing regular exercise to get below 50 bpm. Other cyclists like Miguel Indurain and Alberto Contador have reported resting heart rates in the mid-20s.[citation needed]
Musical tempo terms reflect levels relative to resting heart rate; Adagio (at ease, at rest) is typically 66–76 bpm, similar to human resting heart rate, while Lento and Largo ("Slow") are 40–60 bpm, which reflects that these tempi are slow relative to normal human heart rate. Similarly, faster tempi correspond to heart rates at higher levels of exertion, such as Andante (walking: 76–108 bpm) and the like.
1.stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by René Laennec at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. Consisted of a wooden tube and was monaural like ear trumpet .
2.In 1851, Arthur Leared invented a binaural stethoscope
3.In 1852 George Cammann design to commercial this product.
4.Rappaport and Sprague designed a new stethoscope in the 1940s consisting of two sides, that is respiratory system and cardiovascular system
5.In 1999, Richard Deslauriers patented the first external noise reducing stethoscope, the DRG Puretone
6.Between 1998-2007 Marc Werblud, a disabled paramedic/medical student created a lightweight 32" long acoustic noise cancelling stethoscope which improved sound quality, and reduced neck strain.
7.Team of electrical and computer engineering students at Calvin College is designing a digital electronic stethoscope running uClinux (pronounced "you-see-linux") as its operating system.
8.CardioTech Electronic Stethoscope for iPhone, iPod, iPad, Zetris Digital Technology
Show critical analysis of the review
Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time - typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm) - which can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep. The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions. It is also used by individuals, such as athletes, who are interested in monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from their training. The R wave to R wave interval (RR interval) is the inverse of the heart rate.
Resting heart rate (HRrest) is a person's heart rate when they are at rest: awake but lying down, and not having immediately exerted themselves. Typical healthy resting heart rate in adults is 60–80 bpm [2], with rates below 60 bpm referred to as bradycardia and rates above 110 bpm referred to as tachycardia. Note however that conditioned athletes often have resting heart rates below 60 bpm. Cyclist Lance Armstrong had a resting HR around 32 bpm, and it is not unusual for people doing regular exercise to get below 50 bpm. Other cyclists like Miguel Indurain and Alberto Contador have reported resting heart rates in the mid-20s.[citation needed]
Musical tempo terms reflect levels relative to resting heart rate; Adagio (at ease, at rest) is typically 66–76 bpm, similar to human resting heart rate, while Lento and Largo ("Slow") are 40–60 bpm, which reflects that these tempi are slow relative to normal human heart rate. Similarly, faster tempi correspond to heart rates at higher levels of exertion, such as Andante (walking: 76–108 bpm) and the like.
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
1.1 Purpose and objective of study
1. Upgrading the Monitoring System
2. Enhance the Medical Equipment to reduce Human user
3. The counting more accurate and faster by give the result at the 7 segments as the Output Digital
1.2 The problem stated in general
The sound of environment surrounding is the main problem for this device to produce the result. The doctor could not hear the sound of heart beat if it in the noising area because the interruption will make the result become error or wrong. By changing the result into the digital output signal it will give more accurate counting for the heart beat per minute by the sound of heart on it. The analog voltage needs to be conditioned and then converted into a digital by using an audio analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or audio code. For these reasons, it is important to develop methods to estimate the reliability of such program, to ensure it will perform satisfactorily when needed the most.
and the specific way
The circuit for this project uses op-amps to greatly amplify a standard of the stethoscope, and also includes a low pass filter with voltage comparator to remove the background noise from surrounding areas.
1.3 Rationale for problem solving and methods available
Reduce the earpiece at the stethoscope then add the circuit to amplifier the result to being display at lcd monitor by using the arduino programming.
1.4 Limitation of project
1. Not display the heart beat sound wave as a result
2. Using the paperless as an option for the result.
1. Upgrading the Monitoring System
2. Enhance the Medical Equipment to reduce Human user
3. The counting more accurate and faster by give the result at the 7 segments as the Output Digital
1.2 The problem stated in general
The sound of environment surrounding is the main problem for this device to produce the result. The doctor could not hear the sound of heart beat if it in the noising area because the interruption will make the result become error or wrong. By changing the result into the digital output signal it will give more accurate counting for the heart beat per minute by the sound of heart on it. The analog voltage needs to be conditioned and then converted into a digital by using an audio analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or audio code. For these reasons, it is important to develop methods to estimate the reliability of such program, to ensure it will perform satisfactorily when needed the most.
and the specific way
The circuit for this project uses op-amps to greatly amplify a standard of the stethoscope, and also includes a low pass filter with voltage comparator to remove the background noise from surrounding areas.
1.3 Rationale for problem solving and methods available
Reduce the earpiece at the stethoscope then add the circuit to amplifier the result to being display at lcd monitor by using the arduino programming.
1.4 Limitation of project
1. Not display the heart beat sound wave as a result
2. Using the paperless as an option for the result.
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
My dearest Final Year Project present on 21th of April 2011:
ABSTRACT:
The stethoscope (from Greek, stethos - chest and skope – examination) is an acoustic medical device for auscultation or listen the internal sound of a body. It is often used to lung and heart sound. As knows this device is use in the area the lightly quiet, it is because it needs to be heard by the doctor to check the heart beat sounds.
From the previous stethoscope the one end of the stethoscope is also known as a diaphragm, a vibrating membrane designed to pick up sound. The diaphragm is connected to a hollow, air-filled tube. That tube splits in two and leads to earpieces, which the doctor wears. The stethoscope can be placed against the patient's chest to listen to her breath or heartbeat, or others are against the lower abdomen to listen to the intestines.
The upgrading that use for this device is to becomes the Digital Electronic Stethoscope. This project will not use the earpieces as a sound detection, but the condenser sensor as a sensor that will give counting of heart beats. The microscope stethoscope is to read or detect the signal heart beats sound or also known as auscultation it is a small input voltage, from this situation it will give the vibration at the diaphragm, then the condenser sensor will digitization and digital processing on it. These make noise reduction, filtering and amplification when enter the circuits to produce the output result after compile with the software programming that is arduino instruction.
The goal for this basic digital stethoscope is to have it retain the look and feel of acoustic stethoscope but to improve listening performance. It can be uses anywhere and also can improve the counting procedure to detect the situation for the heart beats either at tachycardia, bicardia or also at normal heart beats count in the minutes.
ABSTRACT:
The stethoscope (from Greek, stethos - chest and skope – examination) is an acoustic medical device for auscultation or listen the internal sound of a body. It is often used to lung and heart sound. As knows this device is use in the area the lightly quiet, it is because it needs to be heard by the doctor to check the heart beat sounds.
From the previous stethoscope the one end of the stethoscope is also known as a diaphragm, a vibrating membrane designed to pick up sound. The diaphragm is connected to a hollow, air-filled tube. That tube splits in two and leads to earpieces, which the doctor wears. The stethoscope can be placed against the patient's chest to listen to her breath or heartbeat, or others are against the lower abdomen to listen to the intestines.
The upgrading that use for this device is to becomes the Digital Electronic Stethoscope. This project will not use the earpieces as a sound detection, but the condenser sensor as a sensor that will give counting of heart beats. The microscope stethoscope is to read or detect the signal heart beats sound or also known as auscultation it is a small input voltage, from this situation it will give the vibration at the diaphragm, then the condenser sensor will digitization and digital processing on it. These make noise reduction, filtering and amplification when enter the circuits to produce the output result after compile with the software programming that is arduino instruction.
The goal for this basic digital stethoscope is to have it retain the look and feel of acoustic stethoscope but to improve listening performance. It can be uses anywhere and also can improve the counting procedure to detect the situation for the heart beats either at tachycardia, bicardia or also at normal heart beats count in the minutes.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Langkawi.. my on the spot trip..... lovely place2!!!! i love it!!
menaiki air asia... hauhauha... ah 5253... memg syok lah... tapi kejap jer.. x sempat nk lelap dah sampai... bertolak jam 9.45 mlm, smpai 10.50 mlm... lebih kurg lah...
marina wing kt langkawi, mmg bnyk boat2 besar.. beshnyer... nk2 pinjam lah....
with my causin... huahuhaua.. la, macih bawak jenjalan kt langkawi ni....
hauhauahua... name i memg famous... terkenal merate tempat n bnyk barg yg i buat.. jgn x tau...
burung helang yg terbesar didunia... tapi batu lah..hauhaua.. memg syok lah, helang is my favorite animal... memg mantap lah.... pengalaman terindah ni....
Langkawi.. my on the spot trip..... lovely place!!!! i love it!!!
org yg comei ni kuat tol lah berjalan.. sabar jer lah... huhuahuauahau.. memg akan sampai lagi ker pulau langkawi ni naanti.. besh2.....
pulau beras basah... memg mengkagumkan.... nanti nk p lagi lah... suprise....
huhuhu... baju yg cntik bersamer2 tuanyer berjalan2... macih.....
cantik kan pemandangan di pulau dayang bunting.... memg syok habis lah...
setibenyer di pulau langkawi... yippiii.. akhirnyer sampai jugak.. besh sungguh2....
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